Zakat for Digital Literacy: Closing the Orphaned-Urban Tech-Gap to Prevent Future Unemployment Crises
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Published
Mar 27, 2026
Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose
This paper proposes a zakat-funded digital literacy voucher as a policy instrument to support Indonesia’s national digital talent and youth employment agenda by expanding access to market-relevant skills for unemployed and out-of-school urban youth.
Design/Methodology/Approach
The study adopts a policy-oriented conceptual approach that integrates labor market evidence, digital skills demand analysis, and zakat governance. It designs a Sharīʿah-compliant, restricted-purpose voucher mechanism administered by zakat institutions and redeemable at accredited digital training providers, aligned with outcome-based financing principles.
Findings
The proposed model demonstrates that zakat can be operationalized as an active labor market policy complementing existing government programs such as digital talent development initiatives. The voucher system improves targeting, transparency, and accountability by linking disbursement to training completion and certification outcomes. It also addresses affordability constraints that limit participation of vulnerable urban youth in private digital training programs.
Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to policy design and does not assess implementation outcomes. Future research should evaluate pilot programs in selected urban areas to measure employment impacts, fiscal efficiency, and inter-institutional coordination.
Practical implications
The model provides a framework for zakat institutions and policymakers to integrate Islamic social finance with national digital talent programs.
Social implications
The program supports youth employment, reduces NEET risk, and strengthens economic inclusion in the digital economy.
Originality/value
The paper offers a practical policy framework for integrating zakat into Indonesia’s digital workforce ecosystem, positioning Islamic social finance as a complementary instrument to public employment and digital inclusion strategies.
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How to Cite
Wahyudi, I., Rahmawati, R., Amelia, E., & Yama, I. (2026, March 27). Zakat for Digital Literacy: Closing the Orphaned-Urban Tech-Gap to Prevent Future Unemployment Crises. International Journal of Zakat, 11(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v11i1.764
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
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Al-Qardawi, Y. (2009). A comparative study of Zakah, Regulations and Philosophy in the light of qur’an and sunnah. Fiqh Al Zakah, 1–351.
Al Ayyubi, M. S., Pratomo, D. S., & Prasetyia, F. (2023). Does pre-employment card program improve Indonesian youth labor market performance in pandemic era? Cogent Economics and Finance, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2267752
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Anggara, R. T. (2024). Kartu Prakerja Program and Youth Employment: Gender-Specific Outcomes in Indonesia. Economics and Finance in Indonesia, 70(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.47291/efi.2024.04
Asfarina, M., Ascarya, & Beik, I. S. (2019). Classical and Contemporary Fiqh Approaches To Re-Estimating the Zakat Potential in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 5(2), 387–418. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v5i2.1068
Auda, J. (2012). Maqasid al-Shariah as PhilosophyOf Islamic Law A System Approach. The International Institute of Islamic Though, 47–74. https://doi.org/10.5771/9780739174258-47
Audrin, B., Audrin, C., & Salamin, X. (2024). Digital skills at work – Conceptual development and empirical validation of a measurement scale. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 202, 123279. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123279
Barnow, B. S. (2009). Vouchers in U.S. vocational training programs: an overview of what we have learned. Zeitschrift Fur Arbeitsmarktforschung, 42(1), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12651-009-0007-9
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Bushri. (2025). Definisi dan Ketentuan Akad Hibah dalam Fiqih Muamalah. Nuonline. https://islam.nu.or.id/syariah/definisi-dan-ketentuan-akad-hibah-dalam-fiqih-muamalah-m0UsQ
Duflo, E. (2001). Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment. The American Economic Review, 91(4), 795–813. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2677813
Edmiston, D., & Nicholls, A. (2018). Social Impact Bonds: The Role of Private Capital in Outcome-Based Commissioning. Journal of Social Policy, 47(1), 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279417000125
Faizah, F. Y., Isbah, M. F., & Azca, M. N. (2025). Understanding Young People not in Employment, Education or Training in Indonesia: Gendered Transition in the Changing Cultural Context. Young, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/11033088251345645
Fourrage, L. (2025). Top 5 Best Coding Bootcamps in Indonesia in 2025. Nucamp.
Gashi, L. J., Bërxulli, D., Konjufca, J., & Cakolli, L. (2023). Effectiveness of career guidance workshops on the career self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and career goals of adolescents: an intervention study. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2023.2281421
Gayatri, G., Jaya, I. G. N. M., & Rumata, V. M. (2023). The Indonesian Digital Workforce Gaps in 2021–2025. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010754
Google, G. with. (2025). Google Bangkit Program Eligibility. https://grow.google/intl/id_id/bangkit/
Gustafsson-Wright, E., Massey, M., & Osborne, S. (2020). Are Impact Bonds Delivering Outcomes and Paying Out Returns? Brookings Institution Reports. http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/reports/are-impact-bonds-delivering-outcomes-paying-out/docview/2577463058/se-2?accountid=12347%0Ahttps://mcmaster.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/openurl/01OCUL_MU/01OCUL_MU:OMNI?genre=unknown&atitl
Haryanto, R., Bakri, A. A., Samosir, H. E. S., Idris, D. L., Fauzan, T. R., & Agustina, W. (2023). Digital Literacy and Determinants of Online Zakat Payments Lessons From Indonesia Experience With Utaut. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i4.575
Hassim, N. A., & Ahmad, A. D. (2021). Repetition in Hadis: Focus on the Hadith" Innama Al-a’Mal Binniyat...". Jurnal Al-Sirat, 2(19), 85–94.
Indonesia.go.id, R. (2025). Mencetak Lagi Ribuan Talenta Digital. Indonesia.Go.Id. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/8942/mencetak-lagi-ribuan-talenta-digital?lang=1
Inui, M., Ogisu, T., Kamogawa, A., & Nakaya, A. (2025). Out-of-school children in Southeast Asia: a case study of Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2481004
Jalili, I. J., Syaifuddin, H. S., Ulfa, F. U., Sa’diah, H. S., & Solihu, A. K. H. (2024). Ibn Taymiyya’S Vision on Public Interest and Societal Prosperity Within Islamic Law. ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v25i2.28774
Kahf, M. (1989). Zakat : Unresolved Issues in the Contemporary Fiqh. Journal of Islamic Economic, 2(1), 1–23.
Kaligis, F., Pramatirta, B., & Darmawan, M. D. (2025). Eco-anxiety in Indonesian adolescents and young adults and its influencing factors. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2025.2553733
Kamali, M. H. (1991). Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence.
Kamali, M. H. (2008). Shari’ah Law: An Introduction (Google eBook). 342. http://books.google.com/books?id=tyHaHZcRLWEC&pgis=1
Maulida, A. Z., & Purnomo, A. (2023). Islamic Public Finance: Productive Zakat and Taxes As Instruments of The Country’s Economy. Journal of Contemporary Applied Islamic Philanthropy, 1(2), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.62265/jcaip.v1i2.45
Mazzuca, M., Panzera, E., & Ruberto, S. (2023). The investor’s participation in social impact bonds. International Review of Economics and Finance, 86(March), 349–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2023.03.017
Mishra, A. K., & Dash, A. K. (2023). Development impact bonds in developing countries: an emerging innovation for achieving social outcomes. Journal of Social and Economic Development, 25(1), 22–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-022-00213-0
MUI. (1996). Pemberian Zakat Untuk Beasiswa Nomor Kep.-120/MU/II/1996. Majelis Ulama Indonesia, 180–182.
Nuradi, N., Khatimah, H., Alim, A., & Muhammad, S. M. J. (2025). The Concept Of Zakat In The Qur’an As Wealth Redistribution And Motivation For Building Social Welfare. ZAD Al-Mufassirin, 7(1), 123–152. https://doi.org/10.55759/zam.v7i1.269
OECD. (2015). Reviews of national Policies for Education Education in indonesia Rising to thE ChallEngE.
Pertiwi, R. S., Herianingrum, S., & Kusuma, A. (2020). Zakat and Youth Empowerment. International Journal of Zakat, 5(2), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.37706/ijaz.v5i2.224
Rahman, F. (1982). Islam and Modernity (Vol. 17). The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London.
Rahmani, H., Groot, W., & Rahmani, A. M. (2024). Unravelling the NEET phenomenon: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of risk factors for youth not in education, employment, or training. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2024.2331576
Ramadhani, I., & Hamzah, M. Z. (2024). Interpretation of fi Sabilillah as One of the Zakat Recipients. Proceedings of Femfest International Conference on Economics, Management, and Business, 2, 15–23. https://ejournal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/FICCOMSS
Rizal, M. A. (2022). Pengembangan Makna Fī Sabīlillāh Sebagai Mustahik Zakat Menurut Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi Dalam Tinjauan Maqāshid Al-Syarī’Ah.
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